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How to use Hashes to Ensure Integrity
Introduction Hashes are excellent within the field of cryptography. The hashes can be thought of as a type of transformation which captures input, and sends back a string which is fixed in size. This string is referred to as being the hash value. Topics Introduction Hash Basics Potential Applications for Hash Functions Methods for Hardening Your Operating System Role of Hashes in OS Hardening What Comprises a Good Password? Hash functions are directly connected to this property, and they will be used for a number of computational reasons, most notably cryptography. This hash value can be thought of as the…Data Protection Protocols
Data protection is an integral part of any network system. Care should be taken to ensure that system data remains protected during all the times under all the circumstances. In this article you will learn about data protection in two scenarios. The first one is protecting your data on internet using Internet Security Protocol such as IPsec. Secondly, you will learn how to protect your data during transit. Topics Using IPsec to Protect Your Data IPsec Network Layer Security IP Transaction Header Extensions Modes How to Protect Data When Its in Transit Storing Personal Data on Portable Devices Installing Anti…How to Effectively Protect Your System
In order to effectively protect your system you need to take pro-active guard as well as take preventive measures. In this article, you will learn about methods of data encryption to protect existing data from unauthorised users and you will also learn about taking care of your data against virus attacks. Symmetric Encryption Symmetric encryption, also known as secret key encryption, is a type of encryption which focuses on the data encryption standard (DES) process. Algorithms that are used with the latest encryption methods, like Rijndael for example, are different from DES method. At the same time, there are a number of…Network Security Firewall and Architecture
Firewalls are one of the first security protocols implemented in the network and in computers. Developed in the late 80s, it has become the standard security measure for network administrator as well as for private individuals. Topics Intrusion and IPS The Need of a Firewall Components of a Firewall Selecting the Right Firewall Firewall and Architecture The Protection of Layer 7 Shopping for a Firewall Firewalls are essentially an application that filters content which is being transmitted. Network administrators can set the parameters as to what will be accepted and transmitted. Although it could be used in different settings, firewalls are basically…Preventing Network Intrusion
It is often said that Prevention is better than cure. This adage is definitely true in network security. Network attacks are better off prevented than cured. Network administrators have to do the necessary tasks to prevent network intrusion as much as possible and ensure that no damage has been done to the network at any point of time. Topics Virus Checking Denial of Service Attack Reducing Denial of Service Attacks How DOS Attacks Work Protect Yourself from DOS Attacks Network intrusion and damage threat is always present and network administrators have to be constantly on alert. Various practices have been…Creating and Developing Security Policies
Introduction With the right amount of encrypted data, as well as time and processing power, it is possible for attackers to compromise virtually any system. It is possible to stop these attacks from being successful by making it difficult to crack the password. Topics Introduction Working with Older Operating Systems Setting the Password Age Policy Developing a Security Policy Protocol Against Attacks There are two important strategies that can be used to achieve this, and one is to make sure users use passwords which are complex, and to require the users to change their password every so often. This can…Linux Thin Client Networks Design and Deployment
Linux Thin Client Networks Design and Deployment Considering the Network Much information already exists concerning methods for deploying networks and hardware. We shall try to clarify differences between using a network with personal computers and thin clients with the help of anecdotes. Certain designs have also proven to be very stable and provide the best possible solution. Primary Network Your first thought might be that your current network will work fine with thin clients and that is entirely possible. But your network might be something that has grown through the years and is not that well designed. Your implementation of…High Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) The High Level Data Link Control protocol was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is used for switched and non-switched networks and is a bit oriented architecture. The High Level Data Link Control has been accepted and used widely because it supports almost all kinds of functionalities like half duplex, full duplex, point to point and multi-point networks. The bit patterns are standard in HDLC and therefore the information exchanged follows the same pattern. This minimizes the chances of any errors. HDLC Features The main features of HDLC are divided into…IPv6
IPv6 The Internet protocol Version 6 or the IPv6 is the next generation Internet protocol that will be replacing the current Internet protocol. The current version that is being used is the Internet Protocol; Version 4 which has almost lasted for almost 2 decades. Also the main reason for the upgradation to the Internet protocol Version 6 is because of the IP address problems. According to the InterNIC they have already exhausted IP addresses in Class A and Class B and now are down to Class C. Now they have no other option but to upgrade the internet Protocol to…High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) HSSI is High Speed Serial Interface was first developed by Cisco systems and the main purpose was to solve high speed requirement issues. The main application of HSSI is on the Wide Area Networks and it helps to enhance the data flow speed on these networks. It can work on both physical and electrical devices using the DTE and the DCE interfaces. There are many features that contribute to the characteristics of the HSSI working model. HSSI Features On HSSI you can receive signals up to 52 Mbps, which means that the HSSI model can easily…Frame Relay
Frame Relay Frame Relay is a concept where the information is sent using data frames in a digital format. Using this relay service the data can be sent in a fast and efficient manner through the internet. Frame Relay is also a cheaper way to send data from one point to another. The internet service providers use the Frame Relay Networks when transferring voice and data so that it is fast and also is commonly used in Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks. Using the Frame Relay the end user gets a Frame Relay node which is unique for…Subnetting
Subnetting A Subnet is a directory listing of IP numbers that re used to address on the internet. The number is logical divided so that each part of the number represents a certain function. Usually these subnets contain arrange of IP numbers that are assigned to organizations. So numbers falling into a specific range of subnets can immediately be related to certain organizations. All the numbers allotted to a certain organization will start with the same binary sequence. In the current day internet scenario the network are increasing and as the networks increase there is more need for network address…Switched Multi Megabit Data Service (SMDS)
Switched Multi Megabit Data Service (SMDS) SMDS or Switched Multi Megabit Data Service is used to communicate on the Public Data Networks using the WAN networking technology. The SMDS technology uses fiber or copper wires for networking. There are many components in the SMDS networking environment that make data transfer possible like the DQDB or the distributed queue dual bus. The functionality of SMDS is delivered through telecommunication services and it is capable of providing high speed connections, high level performances and data transport through packet switching. SMDS cannot be considered as a whole new technology or a protocol. In…Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) The SDLC or the Synchronous Data Link Control was first developed by IBM. It is basically a linked layer protocol which can be used with systems network architecture or the SNA environment. In this system all the functions in a network can be defined and slotted into layers. There are different types of layers and each of these layers has its own functionality which is some what similar to the OSI layers. For example the data is transferred without errors form the Data Link Control layer to the Network Addressable Units or the NAU’s using…Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) The Fiber Distributed data interface or the FDDI is a 100 mbps line using the LAN network and is connected through a fiber optic cable. The FDDI technology is used where the networks need a high speed bandwidth and need to cover huge distances than the copper wires usually cover. There are two kind of networks in this category, one is the fiber optic wire based and the other is the copper wire based called the Copper distributed data interface. The inside architecture of the FDDI is based on the dual rings where the data…Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) The Point to Point Protocol is a platform that is used to connect any individual computer or a network to the internet service provider. The connection is established between two points only and that is why it is called Point to Point Protocol. The PPP is considered be the only best solution for connecting computers on the internet. The basic architecture of the PP is layered and the bottommost layer is the LCP or the Link Control Protocol. The Link Control Protocol is responsible for establishing the connection. The Internet Packet control protocol or the…Internet Protocols (IP)
Internet Protocols (IP) For the internet to work every computer and every system connecting to the internet must has an Internet Protocol. The internet protocol is a library of communication protocols which talk to networks and enable data transfers. The Internet Protocol is an open source protocol and is well suited for LAN and WAN networks. The internet communication protocols are of two kinds and the computers need both of them to communicate over the internet. They are called the TCP or the Transmission Control Protocol and the IP or the Internet Protocol. The common applications like E-mail, file transfers…Tree Topology
Tree Topology Among all the Network Topologies we can derive that the Tree Topology is a combination of the bus and the Star Topology. The tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the network and you can branch out the network in many ways. This is particularly helpful for colleges, universities and schools so that each of the branches can identify the relevant systems in their own network and yet connect to the big network in some way. A Tree Structure suits best when the network is widely spread and vastly divided into many branches. Like any…Mesh Topology
Mesh Topology Mesh Network is a network where all the nodes are connected to each other and is a complete network. In a Mesh Network every node is connected to other nodes on the network through hops. Some are connected through single hops and some may be connected with more than one hope. While the data is traveling on the Mesh Network it is automatically configured to reach the destination by taking the shortest route which means the least number of hops. Data travels by hopping from one node to another and then reaches the destination node in a Mesh…Star Topology
Star Topology Star Topology is the most common type of network topology that is used in homes and offices. In the Star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a computer hub or sometimes just a switch. In a Star Network the best advantage is when there is a failure in cable then only one computer might get affected and not the entire network. The Star Network Topology typically needs more cable to be networked than the usual Bus topology. A common cable that is used in Star Network is the UTP or the unshielded…
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